Sunday, December 25, 2011

Hepatic and Prehepatic Coma

Manifestation of precoma:

- History of liver disease.

- Drowsiness, irritability or slurred speech.

- Flapping tremors.

- Behavioural changes.

Manifestation of coma:

- Coma with liver patient.

Treatment: Hepatic and prehepatic coma the same treatment.

A- Give glucose 5% solution by IV infusion and add the following drugs to the solution.

1- Nootropil ampoule.

2- Oxybral ampoule.
1 & 2 to improve consciousness.

3- Antibiotic: Cefotax 1 gm vial to protect from infection.

4- Zantac ampoule to protect from sress ulcer.

5- 2 Hepa merz ampoules in the solution in case of coma and hepa merz sachets (1/2 sachet in 1/2 glass of water every 8 hours) in case of precoma to wash out amonia.

B- deal with haematemesis if present:

if haematemesis red (fresh) blood in case of precoma or coma Sengstaken-Blakemore tube (life saving) + enema.

if haematemesis → brown (not fresh blood) and the patient is conscious Ryle tube (gastric lavage) + enema every 2, 4 or 8 hours.

C- Enema to wash out amonia:

R/ Enemax.

Precoma  → perform enema every 4 or 8 hours.

Coma perform enema every 2 hours. 

D- Flagyl infusion to prevent anaerobic infection.

R/   Flagyl infusion 500 mg.

May be given in the other arm every 12 hours.

E- Drugs for liver support continued at home.

R/ Lactulose syrup ( tablespoonful /8 hours).

R/ Inderal tablets (1 tablet 3 times a day) to decrease portal hypertension.

R/ Legalon (Silymarin) (1 tablet 3 times a day) to support liver.

R/ Neomycin 500 tablets  (1 tablet 2 times a day) to protect from GIT infection.

R/ Adenoplex ampoule intramuscular every 3 days.  



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