Wednesday, January 4, 2012

Salicylate Poisoning

Clinical picture:

* Poisoning by Aspirin is common as Aspirin is abundant in many homes.

* The patient should swallow at least more than 40 Aspirin tablets to reach intoxication level.

* CNS stimulation: Fever - sweeting - burning pain in stomach - bloody vomiting - delirium - hypercapnia.

* Followed by CNS depression: Drowsiness - coma - respiratory failure and cardiovascular failure.

Treatment:

1- Gastric lavage. 2- Purgatives. 3- Fluids and electrolytes. 4- Cardio-respiratory care. 5- Alkalinization of

urine.  6- Forced alkaline diuretics.

1- Gastric lavage (repeated):

Using activated charcoal or milk.

Do not use Sodium bicarbonate as it increases Salicylate absorption.

2- Purgatives: Na sulphate 5 - 10 gm oral.

3- Fluids and electrolytes:

* (Glucose 10% + Saline 0.9%   2 : 1)   up to 15 mg/kg/hour.

* In shocked patient: blood or plasma transfusion.

4- Cardiac and respiratory care: 

* Oxygen inhalation + 5% CO2.

* May be artificial respiration.

5- Alkalinization of urine.

6- Forced alkaline diuretics:

* Used only to reduce duration of coma when salicylate level is more than 50 mg% or to decrease

complications.

* Contraindicated in shock, heart failure, renal failure or history of respiratory failure.

* (500 ml 0.9% saline + 1000 ml glucose 5% + 20 ml NaHCO3 + 25 mEq K to each liter of IV solution +

KCl  3 gm) :

This Cocktail is given over a complete hour.

Give another similar Cocktail over the second hour.

And another similar one over the next hour.

* But in children give 30 ml/kg/hour.

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